Menstrual hygiene-What is menses-Premenstrual symptoms-Sanitary products-Ways of disposal-Myths around periods

 What is menstruation? Importance of hormones-FSH,LH.Estrogen,Progesterone

-The physiology of menstruation revolves around a monthly hormonal cycle that prepares a woman’s body for potential pregnancy. The cycle is controlled by hormones like estrogen and progesterone, produced by the ovaries.

-At the start of the cycle, the pituitary gland in the brain releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Each follicle contains an egg, and as they grow, they produce estrogen.

-Rising estrogen levels cause the lining of the uterus (endometrium) to thicken, preparing it for a possible fertilized egg.

-Around the middle of the cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, where the most mature follicle releases its egg.

-After ovulation, the empty follicle forms a structure called the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone further prepares the uterine lining for implantation.

-If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum breaks down, leading to a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels. This hormonal decline causes the uterine lining to shed, resulting in menstruation, and the cycle begins anew.

 

Why is menstruation necessary? What is normal cycle,normal flow?

When to say it is abnormal and visit the doctor?

-Menstruation is a natural and essential process in a woman's body that prepares for the possibility of pregnancy.

-It typically happens once a month, starting in puberty, and is a sign that the body is functioning normally.

-A normal menstrual cycle usually lasts between 21 to 35 days, with bleeding lasting 2 to 7 days.

-The flow can vary from light to moderate, and it’s normal to experience some cramping or discomfort.

-However, if the cycle is irregular, very heavy, or accompanied by severe pain, it could be a sign that something isn't right. In such cases, it's important to visit a doctor to ensure everything is healthy.

-Understanding what's normal can help you recognize when something might be wrong and seek help when needed.

 

What are premenstrual symptoms & why do they happen?

-Premenstrual symptoms are common and can start a week or two before your period.

-Breast pain or tenderness happens as your body’s hormones change, preparing for menstruation.

-Bloating occurs when your body retains more water and salt, making you feel puffy or swollen.

-Acne can flare up due to hormonal shifts, causing your skin to produce more oil.

-Headaches are also a frequent symptom, triggered by hormonal changes.

-Mood changes, such as feeling irritable or sad, can be caused by fluctuating hormone levels.

-Abdominal pain or cramps are caused by your uterus contracting to help shed its lining.

-These symptoms usually go away once your period starts but can be managed with self-care or over-the-counter remedies.

 

Missed period, what does it means? When to worry?

-A missed period can happen for many reasons, and it doesn't always mean something is wrong.

-It often means that ovulation didn’t occur, which can be due to stress, changes in weight, illness, or hormonal imbalances.

-However, if you’re sexually active, a missed period could be an early sign of pregnancy. It's important to take a pregnancy test to check.

-If your period doesn’t return or you miss several periods in a row, it's a good idea to see a doctor. This could be a sign of an underlying health issue, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid problems.

-Don't panic, but do pay attention to your body and seek medical advice if you’re concerned.

 

Vaginal discharge before menstruation. Is it normal?

-Vaginal discharge is a fluid that comes from the vagina, and it’s a normal part of how your body keeps itself clean and healthy.

-Before your period, you might notice an increase in discharge, which can be white, clear, or slightly yellow.

-This is usually normal and helps to keep the vagina moist and free from infections.

-However, if the discharge has a strong odour, causes itching, or changes colour (like turning green or grey), it could be a sign of an infection.

-In such cases, it’s important to see a doctor.

-Normal discharge is nothing to worry about, but any unusual changes should be checked to keep your body healthy.

 

Materials- Disposable sanitary napkins or pads, Cotton pads, Home made pads, Tampons, Menstrual cup

 

-Menstrual hygiene materials are products that help manage your period in a safe and comfortable way. –

Traditionally, many women used cloth, which can be washed and reused, but it must be cleaned properly to avoid infections.

-Sanitary napkins, or pads, are the most common modern option. They are easy to use, disposable, and come in different sizes for different flow levels.

 

-Cotton pads are similar to sanitary pads but made from organic cotton, which can be gentler on the skin.

-Using tampons are good if you are going for sports or swimming.

-Menstrual cups are reusable, cost-effective method.

All these options have their pros and cons, so it's important to choose what feels most comfortable and safe for you. Always remember to change your pad or cloth regularly to maintain good hygiene during your period.

 

Managing youself during menses-Importance of cleanliness-Frequent changing-Washing hands with soap and water-Daily bath & Good food

-Maintaining cleanliness during your period is crucial for staying healthy and feeling comfortable.

-It's important to change your pad, tampon, or cloth frequently, ideally every 4 to 6 hours, to prevent infections and odours.

-Always wash your hands with soap and water before and after changing your menstrual product to keep germs away.

-Taking a daily bath or shower helps keep your body clean and fresh, reducing the risk of infections.

-Eating good, nutritious food during your period can also help you feel better and give your body the energy it needs.

-By following these simple steps, you can manage your period comfortably and stay healthy.

 

Used sanitary pads are for disposal, not for display-Avoid wrong ways of disposal

-Used sanitary pads should always be disposed of properly and never left out in the open.

-They are not meant for display and should be wrapped in paper or a disposal bag before throwing them in the trash.

-Flushing pads down the toilet or throwing them in open areas is harmful to the environment and can cause blockages or pollution.

-Always dispose of them in a designated trash bin to keep your surroundings clean and safe

 

Managing Cramps and Discomfort during periods

-Feeling cramps during your period is normal, but there are ways to manage the discomfort.

-Using a hot water bottle on your lower abdomen can help relax the muscles and ease the pain.

-Light exercise, like walking, can also be effective in reducing cramps because it increases blood flow and releases endorphins, which are natural painkillers.

-If the pain is more intense, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can provide relief.

-It’s also important to rest when you need to and drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.

-By taking these steps, you can feel more comfortable and manage your period cramps effectively.

 

 

 

Myths regarding menstruation

Don’t exercise

Do not eat spicy food

Menstrual blood is unclean

Do not have bath during periods

Do not pray or visit temples during periods

 

 

 

-There are many myths about menstruation that are simply not true.

-Some people believe you shouldn’t exercise during your period, but staying active can actually help reduce cramps and improve your mood.

-The idea that you shouldn’t eat spicy food is also a myth; you can eat whatever makes you feel comfortable.

-Menstrual blood is not unclean—it's just the natural shedding of the uterine lining. Maintaining hygiene is important but encouraging untouchability is to be avoided.

-Another myth is that you shouldn’t bathe during your period, but taking a bath can help you feel clean and relaxed.

 

Final Tips and Support

-Menstruation is a normal and healthy part of life.

-Don’t be afraid to ask questions or talk about it.

-Always carry a small period kit with pads, tampons, or a cup.

-Talk to a parent, teacher, or friend if you need help.

-Take care of yourself and stay confident!